In men, FRAX with BMD input is used to refine fracture risk assessment.

• A. FRAX is replaced by BMD alone
• B. FRAX with BMD input is optional and rarely used
• C. FRAX with BMD input helps refine fracture risk and guide treatment
• D. FRAX measures bone density directly

Answer: (C)

Using bone mineral density input in FRAX refines fracture risk assessment by combining a quantitative measure of bone strength with the clinical risk factors FRAX already uses. FRAX estimates the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture and a hip fracture based on factors such as age, prior fractures, smoking, alcohol use, glucocorticoid exposure, and secondary osteoporosis. When femoral neck BMD is provided, the risk estimate becomes more individualized and more accurate, helping clinicians decide whether to initiate or adjust treatment. BMD input is optional in FRAX—you can run it without density data—but including it improves precision. Remember, FRAX is a risk calculator, not a direct bone density test.