The fat embolism syndrome can progress to acute respiratory distress requiring airway support. Which equipment should be readily available to manage this possibility?

• A. Oxygen mask
• B. Endotracheal tube and ventilator
• C. Hemovac drain
• D. Autotransfusion device

Answer: (B)

Fat embolism syndrome can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, which may progress to the point where the airway needs to be protected and ventilation provided. Securing the airway with an endotracheal tube and delivering breaths through a ventilator is essential to maintain oxygenation and CO2 removal, especially when ARDS develops. A simple oxygen mask may help initially but cannot manage severe respiratory failure or protect the airway, and other devices like a Hemovac drain or an autotransfusion setup address drainage or blood salvage, not airway management.