Which non-pharmacologic strategies reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis?

• A. Regular weight-bearing and resistance exercise, balance training, home safety modifications, nutrition with adequate calcium and vitamin D, smoking cessation, limiting alcohol.
• B. Rely solely on medications.
• C. Avoid physical activity.
• D. Smoking is recommended.

Answer: (C)

The main idea is that reducing fracture risk in osteoporosis comes from lifestyle and safety measures that strengthen bone and prevent falls, not just medications. Regular weight-bearing and resistance exercise help build and maintain bone density and muscle strength, while balance training lowers the chance of falls. Making home safety improvements reduces fall injuries by addressing hazards in the environment. Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D supports bone mineralization and remodeling. Quitting smoking is important because tobacco use accelerates bone loss and impairs healing, and limiting alcohol lowers both fall risk and negative effects on bone health. Together, these non-pharmacologic strategies target both stronger bones and fewer falls. The other options don’t fit: relying only on medications misses the important lifestyle and safety aspects; avoiding physical activity removes a key protective factor; and smoking is not recommended for bone health.