Which symptom is typical of fat embolism syndrome?

• A. Hematuria
• B. Jaundice
• C. Chest pain
• D. Nausea

Answer: (C)

Fat embolism syndrome arises when fat droplets from injured bone marrow enter the bloodstream and lodge in the lungs, brain, and skin. The pulmonary involvement causes inflammation and impaired gas exchange, leading to respiratory symptoms that can present as chest pain and pleuritic discomfort along with shortness of breath and low oxygen levels. Among the given options, chest pain best reflects the lung-directed impact of the syndrome, which is a hallmark feature of its respiratory manifestations. The other symptoms—hematuria, jaundice, and nausea—are not typical signs of fat embolism syndrome and point to other organ issues or nonspecific symptoms rather than the pulmonary effects that commonly accompany FES.